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PSIVT09-raw-wm Source Code

This is "The Multimedia Signal Processing and Security Lab", short WaveLab, website. We are a research group at the Artificial Intelligence and Human Interfaces (AIHI) Department of the University of Salzburg led by Andreas Uhl. Our research is focused on Visual Data Processing and associated security questions. Most of our work is currently concentrated on Biometrics, Media Forensics and Media Security, Medical Image and Video Analysis, and application oriented fundamental research in digital humanities, individualised aquaculture and sustainable wood industry.
Python and C code implementing and testing the raw image watermark embedding and detection method proposed in the paper

Peter Meerwald, Andreas Uhl, "Watermarking of raw digital images in camera firmware: embedding and detection", Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology, PSIVT '09, Tokyo, Japan, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, volume 5414, 340-348, January 2009.

Abstract: In this paper we investigate 'real-time' watermarking of single-sensor digital camera images (often called 'raw' images) and blind watermark detection in demosaicked images. We describe the software-only implementation of simple additive spread-spectrum embedding in the firmware of a digital camera. For blind watermark detection, we develop a scheme which adaptively combines the polyphase components of the demosaicked image, taking advantage of the interpolated image structure. Experimental results show the benefits of the novel detection approach for several demosaicking techniques.

The embedding part has been implemented for the Canon IXUS 70 and Canon Powershot A720 cameras.

Test images (3152x2340, 12 bpp, Canon raw format (.CRW)):

CRW_0228 CRW_0229 CRW_0230 CRW_0231 CRW_0232 CRW_0233 CRW_0239 CRW_0240 CRW_0241
Get all image in raw (.CRW) format (75 MB) or all image in netpbm (.PPM) format (156 MB, processed with dcraw).

See README for details.

The code is available upon request.

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Multimedia Signal Processing
and Security Lab
Wednesday, 09-Jul-2025 11:05:14 CEST